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scrapy项目实例：使用ImagesPipeline爬取Douban图片

创建项目步骤

scrapy startproject DoubanImgs
cd DoubanImgs
scrapy genspider download_douban douban.com

from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy import Request
from ..items import DoubanImgsItem
class download_douban(Spider):
    name = 'download_douban'
    default_headers = {
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
        'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive',
        'Host': 'www.douban.com',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',
    }
    
    def __init__(self, url='1638835355', *args, **kwargs):
        self.allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
        self.start_urls = []
        for i in range(23):
            if i == 0:
                page_url = f'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/{url}'
            else:
                page_url = f'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/{url}/{i*18}'
            self.start_urls.append(page_url)
        self.url = url
    def start_requests(self):
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield Request(
                url=url,
                headers=self.default_headers,
                callback=self.parse
            )
    def parse(self, response):
        list_imgs = response.xpath('//div[@class="photolst clearfix"]//img/@src').extract()
        if list_imgs:
            item = DoubanImgsItem()
            item['image_urls'] = list_imgs
            yield item

项目设置

编辑DoubanImgs/settings.py，如以下所示：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
BOT_NAME = 'DoubanImgs'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['DoubanImgs.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'DoubanImgs.spiders'
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'DoubanImgs.pipelines.DoubanImgDownloadPipeline': 300,
}
IMAGES_STORE = '.'  # 图片存储路径默认为项目目录
IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90  # 图片缓存时间设置
HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True  # 启用HTTP缓存
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'  # 可根据需要调整缓存目录

数据模型

DoubanImgs/items.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy import Field
class DoubanImgsItem(scrapy.Item):
    image_urls = Field()  # 存储图片的URL
    images = Field()     # 下载后的图片路径

管理图片流程

DoubanImgs/pipelines.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
from scrapy import Request
class DoubanImgDownloadPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        for image_url in item['image_urls']:
            yield Request(
                url=image_url,
                headers={
                    'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',
                    'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',
                    'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',
                    'referer': image_url,
                    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'
                }
            )
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
        item['image_paths'] = image_paths
        return item

操作步骤说明

ngừng搜求

如需进一步优化图片爬取效率或处理更多界面，请根据实际需求扩展Spider逻辑或配置参数。

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