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scrapy项目实例：使用ImagesPipeline爬取Douban图片

创建项目步骤

scrapy startproject DoubanImgscd DoubanImgsscrapy genspider download_douban douban.com

from scrapy.spiders import Spiderfrom scrapy import Requestfrom ..items import DoubanImgsItemclass download_douban(Spider):    name = 'download_douban'    default_headers = {        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',        'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',        'Connection': 'keep-alive',        'Host': 'www.douban.com',        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36',    }        def __init__(self, url='1638835355', *args, **kwargs):        self.allowed_domains = ['douban.com']        self.start_urls = []        for i in range(23):            if i == 0:                page_url = f'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/{url}'            else:                page_url = f'http://www.douban.com/photos/album/{url}/{i*18}'            self.start_urls.append(page_url)        self.url = url    def start_requests(self):        for url in self.start_urls:            yield Request(                url=url,                headers=self.default_headers,                callback=self.parse            )    def parse(self, response):        list_imgs = response.xpath('//div[@class="photolst clearfix"]//img/@src').extract()        if list_imgs:            item = DoubanImgsItem()            item['image_urls'] = list_imgs            yield item

项目设置

编辑DoubanImgs/settings.py，如以下所示：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-BOT_NAME = 'DoubanImgs'SPIDER_MODULES = ['DoubanImgs.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'DoubanImgs.spiders'ITEM_PIPELINES = {    'DoubanImgs.pipelines.DoubanImgDownloadPipeline': 300,}IMAGES_STORE = '.'  # 图片存储路径默认为项目目录IMAGES_EXPIRES = 90  # 图片缓存时间设置HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True  # 启用HTTP缓存# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'  # 可根据需要调整缓存目录

数据模型

DoubanImgs/items.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from scrapy import Fieldclass DoubanImgsItem(scrapy.Item):    image_urls = Field()  # 存储图片的URL    images = Field()     # 下载后的图片路径

管理图片流程

DoubanImgs/pipelines.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipelinefrom scrapy.exceptions import DropItemfrom scrapy import Requestclass DoubanImgDownloadPipeline(ImagesPipeline):    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):        for image_url in item['image_urls']:            yield Request(                url=image_url,                headers={                    'accept': 'image/webp,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',                    'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch, br',                    'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6',                    'referer': image_url,                    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'                }            )    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]        if not image_paths:            raise DropItem("Item contains no images")        item['image_paths'] = image_paths        return item

操作步骤说明

ngừng搜求

如需进一步优化图片爬取效率或处理更多界面，请根据实际需求扩展Spider逻辑或配置参数。

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